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Unicode two and three Latin letter combinations

Kent Spielmann, 2005-08-31

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This is a complete list of Unicode Latin two and three letter combination characters (Unicode 4.1).

• Do not use letter combinations marked with *. These are typographical ligatures included in Unicode for compatibility with older encodings. You should use individual letters and allow the software to create these ligatures where appropriate.  LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OEand  LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE are the only letter combinations with LIGATURE in their name that should be used as letters.
• Letter combinations marked with † are older IPA symbols that have been superseded in favor of using the individual letters separately.

Reference Table

	Combination	Name	Use: Comment
	A E	U+00C6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE	IPA and Amer.
		U+00E6 LATIN SMALL LETTER AE	IPA and Amer.
	d b	U+F240 LATIN SMALL LETTER DB DIGRAPH	non-IPA phonetic: voiced labiodental stop
†	d ezh	U+02A4 LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH	IPA: Superseded by
*	D Z	U+01C4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ WITH CARON
*		U+01C5 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON
*		U+01C6 LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ WITH CARON
*		U+01F1 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ
*		U+01F2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z
*		U+01F3 LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ	Compare with LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH immediately below. The two letters of the digraph touch and there is no upper case version.
†	d z	U+02A3 LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH	IPA: Superseded by
†	d z with curl	U+02A5 LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL	IPA: Superseded by
	f eng	U+02A9 LATIN SMALL LETTER FENG DIGRAPH	ExtIPA
*	f f	U+FB00 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FF
*	f i	U+FB01 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI
*	f l	U+FB02 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL
*	f f i	U+FB03 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI
*	f f l	U+FB04 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFL
	h eng	U+0267 LATIN SMALL LETTER HENG WITH HOOK	IPA: Heng without hook is not in Unicode
	H V	U+01F6 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HWAIR	Gothic alphabet: Upper case of LATIN SMALL LETTER HV
		U+0195 LATIN SMALL LETTER HV	Gothic alphabet: Lower case of LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HWAIR
*	I J	U+0132 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE IJ
*		U+0133 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE IJ
†	l ezh	U+026E LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH	IPA: Superseded by
*	L J	U+01C7 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LJ
*		U+01C9 LATIN SMALL LETTER LJ
	l s	U+02AA LATIN SMALL LETTER LS DIGRAPH	ExtIPA
	l z	U+02AB LATIN SMALL LETTER LZ DIGRAPH	ExtIPA
*	Long s t	U+FB05 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE LONG S T
*	N J	U+01CA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER NJ
*		U+01CB LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J
*		U+01CC LATIN SMALL LETTER NJ
	O E	U+0152 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE	IPA
		U+0153 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE	IPA
	O I	U+01A2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OI	Pan-Turkic alphabets
		U+01A3 LATIN SMALL LETTER OI	Pan-Turkic alphabets
	OU	U+0222 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OU	Algonquin and related alphabets
		U+0223 LATIN SMALL LETTER OU	Algonquin and related alphabets
	q p	U+F241 LATIN SMALL LETTER QP DIGRAPH	non-IPA phonetic: voiceless labiodental stop
†	t c	U+02A8 LATIN SMALL LETTER TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL	IPA: Superseded by
†	t esh	U+02A7 LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH	IPA: Superseded by
†	t s	U+02A6 LATIN SMALL LETTER TS DIGRAPH	IPA: Superseded by
	u e	U+1D6B LATIN SMALL LETTER UE	Dictionary phonetic: front rounded vowel
	I R	U+01A6 LATIN LETTER YR	Old Norse alphabet: Lower case is  U+0280 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R

Unicode Latin two and three letter combination characters

Abbreviations

• Amer. Americanist phonetic writing system. Popularized by American linguists in the 50s and 60s because most of the characters could be written using a typewriter.
• ExtIPA Extended IPA system for writing disordered speech.
• IPA International Phonetic Alphabet. International standard for writing languages phonetically.

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